Adapting object detectors learned with sufficient supervision to novel classes under low data regimes is charming yet challenging. In few-shot object detection (FSOD), the two-step training paradigm is widely adopted to mitigate the severe sample imbalance, i.e., holistic pre-training on base classes, then partial fine-tuning in a balanced setting with all classes. Since unlabeled instances are suppressed as backgrounds in the base training phase, the learned RPN is prone to produce biased proposals for novel instances, resulting in dramatic performance degradation. Unfortunately, the extreme data scarcity aggravates the proposal distribution bias, hindering the RoI head from evolving toward novel classes. In this paper, we introduce a simple yet effective proposal distribution calibration (PDC) approach to neatly enhance the localization and classification abilities of the RoI head by recycling its localization ability endowed in base training and enriching high-quality positive samples for semantic fine-tuning. Specifically, we sample proposals based on the base proposal statistics to calibrate the distribution bias and impose additional localization and classification losses upon the sampled proposals for fast expanding the base detector to novel classes. Experiments on the commonly used Pascal VOC and MS COCO datasets with explicit state-of-the-art performances justify the efficacy of our PDC for FSOD. Code is available at github.com/Bohao-Lee/PDC.

Fairness has become a trending topic in natural language processing (NLP), which addresses biases targeting certain social groups such as genders and religions. However, regional bias in language models (LMs), a long-standing global discrimination problem, still remains unexplored. This paper bridges the gap by analysing the regional bias learned by the pre-trained language models that are broadly used in NLP tasks. In addition to verifying the existence of regional bias in LMs, we find that the biases on regional groups can be strongly influenced by the geographical clustering of the groups. We accordingly propose a HiErarchical Regional Bias evaluation method (HERB) utilising the information from the sub-region clusters to quantify the bias in pre-trained LMs. Experiments show that our hierarchical metric can effectively evaluate the regional bias with respect to comprehensive topics and measure the potential regional bias that can be propagated to downstream tasks. Our codes are available at https://github.com/Bernard-Yang/HERB.

很少有射击分类需要深层神经网络才能仅从有限的培训图像中学习广义表示，这在低数据制度中很有挑战，但很重要。最近，基于剪辑的方法显示出有希望的很少的射击性能受益于对比的语言图像预训练。基于这一点，我们质疑大规模的预训练是否可以减轻少数数据的缺陷，并通过预测的知识帮助代表性学习。在本文中，我们提出了Como，这是对预培训模型的合作，该模型结合了来自各种培训范式的各种先验知识，以获得更好的几次学习。我们的科莫包括：剪辑的语言对比知识，迪诺的视力对抗性知识以及达尔 - E的语言基础知识。具体而言，科莫在两个方面工作：很少的数据扩展和多样化的知识合奏。首先，我们通过零摄影dall-e生成合成图像，以丰富少量训练数据，而无需任何人力。另一方面，我们引入了一个可学习的多知识适配器（MK-apapter），以适应剪辑和恐龙的预测。通过这种合作，COMO可以完全释放不同的预训练方法的潜力，并将其统一以进行几次分类。我们在11个数据集上进行了广泛的实验，以证明我们方法的优势和概括能力。

小型太阳能光伏（PV）阵列中电网的有效集成计划需要访问高质量的数据：单个太阳能PV阵列的位置和功率容量。不幸的是，不存在小型太阳能光伏的国家数据库。那些确实有限的空间分辨率，通常汇总到州或国家一级。尽管已经发布了几种有希望的太阳能光伏检测方法，但根据研究，研究这些模型的性能通常是高度异质的。这些方法对能源评估的实际应用的比较变得具有挑战性，可能意味着报告的绩效评估过于乐观。异质性有多种形式，我们在这项工作中探讨了每种形式：空间聚集的水平，地面真理的验证，培训和验证数据集的不一致以及培训的位置和传感器的多样性程度和验证数据始发。对于每个人，我们都会讨论文献中的新兴实践，以解决它们或暗示未来研究的方向。作为调查的一部分，我们评估了两个大区域的太阳PV识别性能。我们的发现表明，由于验证过程中的共同局限性，从卫星图像对太阳PV自动识别的传统绩效评估可能是乐观的。这项工作的收获旨在为能源研究人员和专业人员提供自动太阳能光伏评估技术的大规模实用应用。

随着现代世界中对高度安全和可靠的轻质系统的需求增加，物理上无统治的功能（PUF）继续承诺可轻巧的高成本加密技术和安全钥匙存储。虽然PUF承诺的安全功能对安全系统设计师具有很高的吸引力，但已证明它们容易受到各种复杂攻击的攻击 - 最著名的是基于机器的建模攻击（ML -MA），这些攻击（ML -MA）试图以数字方式克隆PUF行为因此破坏了他们的安全。最新的ML-MA甚至还利用了PUF误差校正所需的公开辅助数据，以预测PUF响应而无需了解响应数据。为此，与传统的PUF储存技术和比较的PUF技术相反，研究开始研究PUF设备的身份验证，并进行了著名的挑战 - 响应对（CRP）的比较。在本文中，我们基于新颖的“ PUF - 表型”概念提出了一个使用ML的分类系统，以准确识别起点并确定得出的噪声记忆（DRAM）PUF响应的有效性作为助手数据依赖数据的Denoisis技术的替代方法。据我们所知，我们是第一个每个模型对多个设备进行分类的人，以实现基于组的PUF身份验证方案。我们使用修改后的深卷积神经网络（CNN）最多达到98 \％的分类精度，并与几个完善的分类器结合使用特征提取。我们还在实验中验证了在Raspberry Pi设备上模型的性能，以确定在资源约束环境中部署我们所提出的模型的适用性。

In this paper, we propose a robust 3D detector, named Cross Modal Transformer (CMT), for end-to-end 3D multi-modal detection. Without explicit view transformation, CMT takes the image and point clouds tokens as inputs and directly outputs accurate 3D bounding boxes. The spatial alignment of multi-modal tokens is performed implicitly, by encoding the 3D points into multi-modal features. The core design of CMT is quite simple while its performance is impressive. CMT obtains 73.0% NDS on nuScenes benchmark. Moreover, CMT has a strong robustness even if the LiDAR is missing. Code will be released at https://github.com/junjie18/CMT.

Dataset distillation has emerged as a prominent technique to improve data efficiency when training machine learning models. It encapsulates the knowledge from a large dataset into a smaller synthetic dataset. A model trained on this smaller distilled dataset can attain comparable performance to a model trained on the original training dataset. However, the existing dataset distillation techniques mainly aim at achieving the best trade-off between resource usage efficiency and model utility. The security risks stemming from them have not been explored. This study performs the first backdoor attack against the models trained on the data distilled by dataset distillation models in the image domain. Concretely, we inject triggers into the synthetic data during the distillation procedure rather than during the model training stage, where all previous attacks are performed. We propose two types of backdoor attacks, namely NAIVEATTACK and DOORPING. NAIVEATTACK simply adds triggers to the raw data at the initial distillation phase, while DOORPING iteratively updates the triggers during the entire distillation procedure. We conduct extensive evaluations on multiple datasets, architectures, and dataset distillation techniques. Empirical evaluation shows that NAIVEATTACK achieves decent attack success rate (ASR) scores in some cases, while DOORPING reaches higher ASR scores (close to 1.0) in all cases. Furthermore, we conduct a comprehensive ablation study to analyze the factors that may affect the attack performance. Finally, we evaluate multiple defense mechanisms against our backdoor attacks and show that our attacks can practically circumvent these defense mechanisms.

Automatic music generation with artificial intelligence typically requires a large amount of data which is hard to obtain for many less common genres and musical instruments. To tackle this issue, we present ongoing work and preliminary findings on the possibility for deep models to transfer knowledge from language to music, by finetuning large language models pre-trained on a massive text corpus on only hundreds of MIDI files of drum performances. We show that by doing so, one of the largest, state-of-the-art models (GPT3) is capable of generating reasonable drum grooves, while models that are not pre-trained (Transformer) shows no such ability beyond naive repetition. Evaluating generated music is a challenging task, more so is evaluating drum grooves with little precedence in literature. Hence, we propose a tailored structural evaluation method and analyze drum grooves produced by GPT3 compared to those played by human professionals, exposing the strengths and weaknesses of such generation by language-to-music transfer. Our findings suggest that language-to-music transfer learning with large language models is viable and promising.

Few Shot Instance Segmentation (FSIS) requires models to detect and segment novel classes with limited several support examples. In this work, we explore a simple yet unified solution for FSIS as well as its incremental variants, and introduce a new framework named Reference Twice (RefT) to fully explore the relationship between support/query features based on a Transformer-like framework. Our key insights are two folds: Firstly, with the aid of support masks, we can generate dynamic class centers more appropriately to re-weight query features. Secondly, we find that support object queries have already encoded key factors after base training. In this way, the query features can be enhanced twice from two aspects, i.e., feature-level and instance-level. In particular, we firstly design a mask-based dynamic weighting module to enhance support features and then propose to link object queries for better calibration via cross-attention. After the above steps, the novel classes can be improved significantly over our strong baseline. Additionally, our new framework can be easily extended to incremental FSIS with minor modification. When benchmarking results on the COCO dataset for FSIS, gFSIS, and iFSIS settings, our method achieves a competitive performance compared to existing approaches across different shots, e.g., we boost nAP by noticeable +8.2/+9.4 over the current state-of-the-art FSIS method for 10/30-shot. We further demonstrate the superiority of our approach on Few Shot Object Detection. Code and model will be available.

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have shown satisfying performance on various graph learning tasks. To achieve better fitting capability, most GNNs are with a large number of parameters, which makes these GNNs computationally expensive. Therefore, it is difficult to deploy them onto edge devices with scarce computational resources, e.g., mobile phones and wearable smart devices. Knowledge Distillation (KD) is a common solution to compress GNNs, where a light-weighted model (i.e., the student model) is encouraged to mimic the behavior of a computationally expensive GNN (i.e., the teacher GNN model). Nevertheless, most existing GNN-based KD methods lack fairness consideration. As a consequence, the student model usually inherits and even exaggerates the bias from the teacher GNN. To handle such a problem, we take initial steps towards fair knowledge distillation for GNNs. Specifically, we first formulate a novel problem of fair knowledge distillation for GNN-based teacher-student frameworks. Then we propose a principled framework named RELIANT to mitigate the bias exhibited by the student model. Notably, the design of RELIANT is decoupled from any specific teacher and student model structures, and thus can be easily adapted to various GNN-based KD frameworks. We perform extensive experiments on multiple real-world datasets, which corroborates that RELIANT achieves less biased GNN knowledge distillation while maintaining high prediction utility.